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����ر齬 I ���� No.8

\fbox{½àƱ·¿ÄêÍýÊÔ(2)} �����No.8�ˤϡ��ִġפȸ�����ñ�̸�����IJĴ��ĤΤ��Ȥ�ؤ����Ȥˤ��ޤ����ޤ����ֽ�Ʊ���פ�ñ�̸����ݤĤ�Τ�����ͤ��뤳�Ȥˤ��ޤ���

���� 8.1   $ \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$% latex2html id marker 959
$ [\sqrt{2}]\cong$   $ \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$$ [X]/(X^2-2)$$ \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$$ [X]$ �ò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.2   ͭ������ $ \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$ ����ʬ���� $ {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[1/5]=\{m/5^n; m\in {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}; n=0,1,2,\dots,)$ �� $ \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$ ����ʬ�Ĥˤʤ뤳�Ȥò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.3  

$\displaystyle (5X-1)$$\displaystyle \mbox{${\mathbb{Q}}$}$$\displaystyle [X]\cap {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[X]=(5X-1){\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[X]
$

�򼨤��ʤ�����

���� 8.4  

$\displaystyle {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[1/5]\cong {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[X]/(5X-1){\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}[X]
$

�򼨤��ʤ�����

���� 8.5   �� $ R$ �Υ��ǥ��� $ I$ ���ѿ� $ X$ �ˤĤ��ơ�����Ʊ���ò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

$\displaystyle R[X]/IR[X] \cong (R/I)[X]
$

���� 8.6   �� $ S$ ����ʬ�� $ R$ �� $ S$ �Υ��ǥ��� $ I$ �ˤĤ��ơ�

$\displaystyle R+I=\{r+a;r\in R,a \in I\}
$

�ϡ�$ S$ ����ʬ�ĤȤʤ뤳�Ȥ򼨤��ʤ�����

���� 8.7   �� $ S$ ����ʬ�� $ R$ �� $ S$ �Υ��ǥ��� $ I$ �ˤĤ��ơ�

% latex2html id marker 1011
$\displaystyle S=R+I, \quad R\cap I=0
$

������Ω�ƤС� $ S/I\cong R$ �Ȥʤ뤳�Ȥ򼨤��ʤ�����

���� 8.8   �Ľ�Ʊ�� $ f:R\to S$ �ˤĤ��ơ�$ J$ �� $ S$ �Υ��ǥ���Ǥ���С� $ f^{-1}(J)$ �� $ R$ �Υ��ǥ���Ȥʤ뤳�Ȥò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.9   �Ľ�Ʊ�� $ f:R\to S$ �ˤĤ��ơ� $ I$ �� $ R$ �Υ��ǥ���ΤȤ���$ f(I)$ �� $ S$ �Υ��ǥ���Ȥʤ�ޤ�����(�ʤ�ʤ����ȿ���󤲤Ƥ���������)$ f$ �����ͤʤ�ɤ��Ǥ�����

���� 8.10   $ {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}/7{\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}$ ��ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤Ù¤Æ¡ï¿½$ \bar{0}$ �ʳ��θ��εո��ò¤½¤ì¤¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.11   $ K$ ���ΤȤ��ޤ������ΤȤ�Ʊ�� $ K[X,Y]/XK[X,Y]\cong K[Y]$ �ò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.12   �� $ S$ �Ȥ�����ʬ�� $ R$ �ȤˤĤ��ơ�$ P$ �� $ S$ ���ǥ��ǥ���ʤ�С�$ P\cap R$ �� $ R$ ���ǥ��ǥ���Ǥ��뤳�Ȥò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ç¥ï¿½ï¿½Ç¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¤ï¿½Ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¥¤ï¿½Ç¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¤Ë¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½È¤É¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.13   �� $ R$ �Υ��ǥ���� $ I$ �ˤĤ��ơ� $ I\cdot I$ �� $ I^2$ ��ά�����ޤ���$ J$ �� $ R$ �Υ��ǥ���ǡ�$ I+J=R$ �Ȥʤ�С�$ I^2+J^2=R$ �Ȥʤ뤳�Ȥò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.14   ���� $ R$ �θ� $ a,b$ �ˤĤ��ơ����ò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
  1. $ a\vert b$ �Ǥ���(���ʤ�������� $ c\in R$ �����äơ� $ b=ac$ �Ƚ񤱤�)���Ȥȡ� $ aR\subset bR$ �Ȥ�Ʊ�ͤǤ��롣
  2. $ a$ �� $ b$ �Ȥ�Ʊȼ�Ǥ���(���ʤ����$ a\vert b$ ���� $ b\vert a$ ������Ω��)���Ȥȡ� $ aR=bR$ �Ȥ�Ʊ�ͤǤ��롣

���� 8.15   �¿��� $ \mbox{${\mathbb{R}}$}$ ���¿�༰ $ aX^2+bX+c$ ���� $ \mbox{${\mathbb{R}}$}$$ [X]$ �Ǵ���Ȥʤ���ϡ�$ b^2-4ac<0$ �Ǥ��뤳�Ȥò¼¨¤ï¿½ï¿½Ê¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

���� 8.16   �� $ {\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}/7{\mbox{${\mathbb{Z}}$}}$ ����󼡼� $ X^2-a$ ( $ a=\bar{0},\bar{1},\dots,\bar{6}$) �����󤫤ɤ����ò¤½¤ì¤¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ $ a$ �ˤĤ���Ĵ�٤ʤ�����

���� 8.17   $ 2^{100000}$ �� $ 17$ �dz�ä�;�����ʤ�����

���� 8.18   ������ $ n$ ��Ϳ����줿�Ȥ��ޤ������δط����������� $ f,g\in {\mathbb{C}}[X]$ ����ȸ��Ĥ��ʤ�����

$\displaystyle (1+X)f(X)+X^ng(X)=1
$


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